motherboard

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In personal computers , the motherboard is the central circuit board of many modern computers and contains many important components of the system that provide a connection to other components. Motherboards are sometimes called Apple boards , boards , or logic boards. [ 1 ] Sometimes called Mobo .
The Acer desktop personal computer board shows the common components and interfaces of the board. This model, developed by Foxconn in 2008, corresponds to the ATX design commonly used for desktops (usually the " form factor "). Designed to work with the AMD Athlon 64 processor.
Voyo E Series Laptop Motherboard (Right)

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History _

Before the arrival of the microprocessor , the computer was integrated into the motherboard or chassis and connected to the background, which was connected by wire . In older designs the cables had special connections between the plate pins, but printed circuits soon became commonplace. The CPU, memory, and memory compartment are located in separate PCBs mounted on the back panel . ANNO DOMINI In the late 1980s and 1990s, it became economical to transfer more and more peripherals to the plate ( see below ). ANNO DOMINI In the late 1980s, motherboards began to support a single set of integrated circuits (called super I / O chips) with a low-speed keyboard , mouse , floppy drive , serial port , and parallel port. YEAR DOMINI In the late 1990s, many personal computer boards supported full audio, video, storage, and networking capabilities without the need for expansion cards . For 3D games and graphics, high-tech systems typically store the video card as a separate component.
The first pioneers in motherboard manufacturing were Micronix, Milex , AMI , DTK, Hopwood , Orchid Technology , Elitegroup , DFI and several Taiwanese manufacturers.
Well-known computers, such as the Apple II and IBM PCs , have developed schematics and other documents that allow third-party motherboards to be quickly counter -engineered and replaced. Many motherboards, typically designed to fit models that were compatible with the model, offered additional performance or other features to enhance the original production.
The term motherboard applies to single-plate devices and non-expansion devices. Speaking of modern language, internal systems and control panels include televisions, laundries, and so on. The main board corresponds to an expandable printed circuit board.

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The board, like the background , provides electrical connections to other parts of the system, but unlike the background, it connects to the CPU and has other systems and related components.
A typical desktop microprocessor , main memory, and other components are connected to the board. They can be connected to the motherboard as a plug or cable, such as external memory , video screens, and audio controllers and accessories , even some boards that are often included in modern computers. .
An important part of the board is the chipset that supports the microprocessor, which provides support between the processor and various external buses and components. This chipset determines the characteristics and capabilities of the board to some extent.
Modern main plates, at least:
DOMAINS OF THE YEAR _ _
In addition, almost all boards have commonly used input devices and logic and connectors, such as mouse / keyboard connectors and PS / 2 keyboards. Older personal computers , such as the Apple II or IBM PC , only included this small plate holder. Sometimes video interface equipment is also included in the board; On compatible computers such as Apple II and IBM, it is occasionally used as IBM PC Jr. Additional components, such as disk drivers and serial ports , have been provided as expansion cards.
Considering the high thermal output of high-speed processors and computer components, modern hobs almost always have heat sinks and fans to prevent them from overheating.

[ Edit ] CPU socket

Main article: CPU socket
The CPU connector is an electrical component connected to a printed circuit board (PCB) and designed to hold a CPU (also called a microprocessor). It is a special IC connector designed for a large number of contacts. The CPU connector offers many features, including a physical structure that supports the CPU, support for heat transfer, ease of replacement (and cost reduction), and most importantly, an electrical interface with the CPU and PCB. CPU outlets are mostly based on most desktops and servers (laptops typically use CPUs to mount a laptop), mostly based on the Intel x86 board architecture. CPU socket types and chip chips must maintain the consistency and speed of the CPU.

[ edit ] Combined accessories

A modern plate design unit that supports more integrated features and more expansion space.
As the cost and size of ICs are reduced over time, support for many stakeholders has now been added to the board. Combining multiple functions in a single PCB reduces the physical size and overall cost of the system; Highly integrated boards are especially popular among small format and low budget computers.
For example, the ECS RS485M-M, [ 5 ] a standard motherboard for low-cost computers based on AMD processors , supports a wide range of accessories.
Ten years ago, expansion cards cost hundreds of dollars to support all of these actions. However, as of April 2007, integrated plates are available for up to $ 30 in the US.

[ Edit ] Peripheral card slot

The standard 2009 board will have a different connection number than the standard ones.
A standard ATX board typically has a PCI-E 16x connection for a video card, two standard PCI slot for expansion cards, and a 1x PCI-E (possibly replacing PCI ). The standard EATX board has a PCI-E 16x connection to the video card and several PCI and PCI-E 1x slots. It can sometimes have a 4x PCI-E slot. (This varies by model and model).
Some motherboards have two 16x PCI-E slots, allow you to use more than 2 controllers without special hardware, or use a special graphics technology called SLI ( for Nvidia ) and Crossfire ( for ATI ). This allows you to combine two video cards for better performance when performing computer graphics tasks, such as games and video editing .
YEAR DOMINION Since 2007, all boards have at least four USB ports on the back, with at least 2 additional ports on the board that can be connected to a computer case. Ethernet is also included. A standard network cable used to connect a computer to a network or modem . The sound chip is always inserted into the board, which allows you to extract sound without the need for additional components . This allows computers to be more multimedia than ever before. Some backplates have video effects for integrated graphics solutions (such as Intel HD graphics integrated into the board or paired with a microprocessor). You can still use another card

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